2016考研英語：經(jīng)典長難句解析

　　【摘要】考研英語中長難句的形成主要通過以下四種方式：復(fù)合從句、成分省略、使用插入語和改變語序。長難句結(jié)構(gòu)復(fù)雜，迷惑性強(qiáng)。本文對經(jīng)典長難句進(jìn)行解析，將長難句拆分為簡單句進(jìn)而逐個攻破?？佳袔蛿y手2016大綱解析人第一時間解讀大綱，點擊免費報名

　　
　　?長難句訓(xùn)練
　　1、This trend began during the Second World War, when several governments came to the conclusion that the specific demands that a government wants to make of its scientific establishment cannot generally be foreseen in detail.

　　2、Of course, some regulation is inevitable and undoubtedly necessary, but a free and democratic society functions best when it leaves the resolution of its ethical quandaries to the reasoned judgment of its citizens rather than the regulatory authority of the government.

　　3、Whorf came to believe in a sort of linguistic determinism which, in its strongest form, states that language imprisons the mind, and that the grammatical patterns in a language can produce far-reaching consequences for the culture of a society.

　　4、Additional social stress may also occur because of the population explosion or problems arising from mass migration movements--themselves made relatively easy nowadays by modern means of transport.

　　5、While there are almost as many definitions of history as there are historians, modern practice most closely conforms to one that sees history as the attempt to recreate and explain the significant events of the past.

　　?長難句訓(xùn)練題解析
　　1、during the Second World War介詞短語作狀語；when several governments came to the conclusion … foreseen in detail做定語修飾the Second World War; that the specific demands cannot generally be foreseen in detail定語從句修飾conclusion; that a government wants to make of its scientific establishment定語從句修飾demands.
　　參考譯文：
　　這種趨勢始于第二次世界大戰(zhàn)期間，當(dāng)時一些國家的政府得出結(jié)論：政府向科研機(jī)構(gòu)提出的具體要求通常是無法詳盡預(yù)見的。

　　2、Of course介詞短語作狀語；
　　從屬連詞when 引導(dǎo)的從句it leaves the resolution of its ethical quandaries to the reasoned judgment of its citizens rather than the regulatory authority of the government為狀語修飾動詞function。
　　參考譯文：
　　當(dāng)然，某些規(guī)定是不可避免并且是必需的，但是只有當(dāng)社會讓民眾通過自己的理智判斷而非政府管制去解決道德難題時，一個自由民主的社會才能最大限地發(fā)揮其功能。

　　3、句子的主干是Whorf came to believe in a sort of linguistic determinism。which引導(dǎo)定語從句，修飾linguistic determinism。定語從句的謂語動詞是states，兩個that引導(dǎo)賓語從句，并列作為states的賓語。
　　參考譯文：
　　沃爾夫進(jìn)而相信類似某種語言決定論的觀點，其極端說法是：語言禁錮思維，語言的語法結(jié)構(gòu)能對一個社會的文化產(chǎn)生深遠(yuǎn)的影響。

　　4、句子主干是Additional social stress may also occur。because of 的后邊接兩個名詞短語the population explosion和problems arising from mass migration movements--themselves made relatively easy nowadays by modern means of transport來表示原因。其中，第二個名詞短語又含有一個短語themselves made relatively easy nowadays by modern means of transport來補(bǔ)充說明mass migration movements。因此，這里的代詞themselves指代名詞短語mass migration movements。“made relatively easy nowadays by modern means of transport”為過去分詞短語作后置定語，修飾themselves。
　　參考譯文：
　　由于人口的猛增或大量的人口流動（現(xiàn)代交通工具使這種流通變得相對容易）造成的種種問題也回對社會造成新的壓力。

　　5、while引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句，其意思是“雖然”。不定代詞one 指代名詞短語definition of history。that引導(dǎo)定語從句，修飾one。
　　參考譯文：
　　幾乎每個歷史學(xué)家對史學(xué)都有自己的界定，但現(xiàn)代史學(xué)家的實踐最趨向于認(rèn)為歷史學(xué)是試圖重現(xiàn)過去的重大史實并對其做出解釋。

　?。▽嵙?xí)編輯：張嘉琪）