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考研英語時(shí)文賞讀(64):科技發(fā)展對(duì)大腦有著怎樣的影響

  摘要:英語作為一種語言學(xué)科,最重要的學(xué)習(xí)方式便是將英語的學(xué)習(xí)常態(tài)化。做到每天都能接觸到英語的學(xué)習(xí)環(huán)境,這樣的話我們便可以通過模擬一種英語生活的狀態(tài),鍛煉自己的英語能力。因此幫幫之后會(huì)不定時(shí)推出一篇英文美文,這些文章都與考研英語閱讀同源,多讀必有好處。

  “Clearly, technology is helping us research the brain, but how is the brain responding to technology?” NYU neuroscientist Alexandra Ochoa Cohen.

  紐約大學(xué)神經(jīng)學(xué)家亞歷山德拉·奧喬亞·科恩表示:“毋庸置疑,科技可以幫助我們探索大腦,但是反過來,大腦又是如何對(duì)科技做出反應(yīng)的呢?”

  “There’s been a lot of mostly negative hype around this issue, often referred to as screen time, and how it’s ruining all of our lives. And while there’ve been a few studies that have examined these questions, the truth is that everything we encounter changes our brains. And we just don’t have the data right now to say how meaningful these changes actually are.”

  “圍繞這個(gè)話題存在許多負(fù)面且夸張的說法,比如我們經(jīng)常討論所謂屏幕時(shí)間長短以及它是如何摧毀我們的生活。但其實(shí)之前也有不少研究探索過這些問題,事實(shí)上我們遭遇的一切都會(huì)使大腦發(fā)生變化。只是現(xiàn)在還沒有數(shù)據(jù)可以證明這些變化到底有著多少意義。”

  Cohen spoke March 21st, at the Cooper Union in Manhattan, during a discussion called Our Brain on A.I. [Artificial Intelligence]: Who’s In Control, Me or the Machine?

  3月21日,一場主題為“人工智能時(shí)代的人腦:誰是主宰者,人類還是機(jī)器?”的研討會(huì)在曼哈頓的庫鉑聯(lián)盟學(xué)院舉行,科恩在此次研討會(huì)上作了發(fā)言。

  “In fact, a recent study examining over 350,000 adolescents found a small but negative association with technology use and well-being, but they also found similar relationships between eating potatoes and wearing eyeglasses and well-being. And yet we don’t ask if potatoes and eyeglasses have destroyed a generation.”

  “實(shí)際上,最近有一研究對(duì)35萬多名青少年進(jìn)行測試,研究結(jié)果顯示科技設(shè)備的使用確實(shí)對(duì)青少年的健康發(fā)展有著消極影響,但是二者關(guān)系并不明顯,而且研究人員還發(fā)現(xiàn)青少年的健康發(fā)展和吃土豆、戴眼鏡之間也存在類似的關(guān)系。所以到底是科技的泛濫,還是土豆、眼鏡毀了年輕的一代,目前還不好說。”

  That study, titled “The association between adolescent well-being and digital technology use,” appeared this January in the journal Nature Human Behaviour.

  這篇題為《論青少年的健康發(fā)展與數(shù)字科技的使用有何關(guān)系》的論文刊載在一月份的《自然—人類行為》期刊上。

  “Part of the issue in studying how technology influences our brain is that there are so many different forms of technology that often all get lumped into one category. So how we use technology, what specific technology we use, and what we use it for will be important variables to define in future research.

  “關(guān)于科技如何影響人腦這方面的研究,還有一部分問題在于科技的種類也分很多種,但是在論及影響的時(shí)候人們通常會(huì)將所有科技混為一談。我們是如何使用科技的、使用哪種具體類型的科技以及我們使用它的目的是什么都會(huì)影響該領(lǐng)域的未來研究方向。”

  “And even as we do more and better research on these topics, the answer is still likely to be that it’s complicated. In a way, we’re all part of a massive experiment in how technology is influencing our brains, and there will almost certainly be both positive and negative outcomes.”

  “而且即使我們在這些議題上進(jìn)行了更全面、更深刻的研究,最后結(jié)果很有可能仍然是:錯(cuò)綜復(fù)雜??偟恼f來,我們所有人也是這場宏觀社會(huì)實(shí)驗(yàn)中的一份子,感受著科學(xué)是如何影響大腦的。對(duì)于這個(gè)問題,幾乎可以肯定最后的研究結(jié)果是利弊皆有。”

  “So studies that track individuals’ behavioral and brain development over time will be particularly important. Like the ABCD, or Adolescent Brain and Cognitive Development Study, which is currently following over 10,000 kids for 10 years. And this kind of research will be especially important in helping us to figure out what lasting influences technology has on our brains.”

  “所以那些長期追蹤個(gè)體行為以及大腦發(fā)育過程的研究顯得尤為重要。比如ABCD,即青少年大腦認(rèn)知發(fā)展研究,最近將1萬多名青少年作為研究對(duì)象,對(duì)他們的大腦發(fā)展過程進(jìn)行長達(dá)10年的觀察。這種長期研究,對(duì)于幫助我們了解科技對(duì)人腦會(huì)產(chǎn)生怎樣的長遠(yuǎn)影響,有著重要意義。”

  (全文共361個(gè)詞:科學(xué)美國人)

  ?幫幫提示:考研英語同源外刊美文賞讀匯總

 

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