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考研英語:歷年試題經(jīng)典長難句+解析(一)

  摘要:眾所周知,長難句一直以來都是英語考研的難點(diǎn),所以多加練習(xí)是非常必要的。為此,小幫為大家整理了“考研英語:歷年試題經(jīng)典長難句+解析(一)”,希望對大家有所幫助。

  ?重點(diǎn)一

  It is also the reason why when we try to describe music with words, all we can do is articulate our reactions to it, and not grasp music itself.

  1.重點(diǎn)詞匯及短語:

  describe…with… 用……描述……

  articulate 【生義】v. 清楚地表達(dá),描述【熟義】adj. 明晰清楚的

  reaction n. 反應(yīng)

  grasp v. 理解,領(lǐng)會(huì)(尤指復(fù)雜的事情或觀點(diǎn))

  2.句子成分分析:本句為主從復(fù)合句,主干是It is also the reason...。why引導(dǎo)定語從句,解釋說明the reason。定語從句中包含了一個(gè)時(shí)間狀語從句when we try to describe music with words。關(guān)系副詞why引導(dǎo)限定性定語從句,修飾先行詞reason, 在定語從句中充當(dāng)原因狀語。例如: He didn’t tell me the reason why he was so upset. 從句引導(dǎo)詞選用關(guān)系副詞why還是關(guān)系代詞that/which,取決于先行詞reason在從句中充當(dāng)?shù)某煞郑合刃性~reason在從句中作副詞性成分,應(yīng)該用why。例如:Please tell me the reason why he was late.(先行詞reason在從句中作原因狀語);先行詞reason在從句中作名詞性成分,應(yīng)該用that/which。例如:Please tell me the reason that/which made him late.(先行詞reason在從句中作主語)

  3.參考譯文:這也是為什么當(dāng)我們試圖用語言描述音樂時(shí),我們只能表達(dá)出自己對音樂的感受,而無法領(lǐng)悟音樂本身。

  ?重點(diǎn)二

  Although mental health is the cure-all for living our lives, it is perfectly ordinary as you will see that it has been there to direct you through all your difficult decisions.

  1.重點(diǎn)詞匯及短語:

  mental adj. 精神健康的;精神狀態(tài)的;思想的

  mentally adv. 精神上 mentally ill精神

  cure-all 包治百病的良藥

  perfectly adv. 完全地,十足地;完美地

  perfect adj. 完美的;最佳的,理想的

  Direct adj. 直接的≠ indirect ;v. 給(某人)指路;指引

  direct ... through... 指引……通過……

  2.句子成分分析:本句主干為:it is perfectly ordinary...。although引導(dǎo)的是讓步狀語從句。as引導(dǎo)的是原因狀語從句,在這個(gè)原因狀語從句中,包含一個(gè)that引導(dǎo)的賓語從句。引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句的從屬連詞主要的有although,though,even though,even if等。此外,用when 和while也可以引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句,意思是“盡管”或“雖然”[舉例說明]。例:While I admit his good points, I can see his bad ones. 該句還有一個(gè)很難處理的點(diǎn),through all your difficult decisions. Through表示通過,但是翻譯的時(shí)候不能硬性插入漢語,根據(jù)語境應(yīng)當(dāng)隱去其詞義,處理成“在你難以做決定時(shí)”。

  3.參考譯文:盡管心理健康是我們生活中的萬能藥,但它其實(shí)非常普通,你會(huì)發(fā)現(xiàn)在你難以做決定時(shí),它一直在指引著你。

  ?重點(diǎn)三

  They could still invalidate Fourth Amendment protections when facing severe, urgent circumstances, and they could take reasonable measures to ensure that phone data are not erased or altered while a warrant is pending.

  1.重點(diǎn)詞匯及短語:

  invalidate v. 使無效;證明(信念或解釋)是無效的

  severe v. 非常嚴(yán)重的;困難的

  take reasonable measures to 采取合理的措施去……

  warrant n. 令狀,許可

  pending n. 在等待……之際

  2.句子成分分析:本句是一個(gè)由and連接的并列句。and前面的主干結(jié)構(gòu)為They could still invalidate Fourth Amendment protections...。when facing severe, urgent circumstances是時(shí)間狀語從句,由于face的邏輯主語與主句主語一致,因此省略主語和系動(dòng)詞,face用現(xiàn)在分詞形式。and之后的句子主干結(jié)構(gòu)為they could take reasonable measures...。to ensure that...pending是目的狀語,that引導(dǎo)的從句作ensure的賓語。狀語從句中的省略原則是:如果從句主語與主句主語一致,或從句的主語是it,可省略從句的連接詞、主語和be動(dòng)詞,只保留分詞和其它成分,從而使語言更加簡潔明了。比如時(shí)間狀語中的省略、地點(diǎn)狀語中的省略、讓步狀語從句中的省略等。例如:The river is clean where (it is) deep.

  3.參考譯文:在嚴(yán)重、緊急的情況下,他們還可以忽視第四修正案的保護(hù)。此外,在等待許可令簽發(fā)期間,他們還可以采取合理措施保證手機(jī)里的數(shù)據(jù)不被刪除或篡改。

  ?重點(diǎn)四

  California has asked the justices to refrain from a sweeping ruling, particularly one that upsets the old assumption that authorities may search through the possessions of suspects at the time of their arrest.

  1.重點(diǎn)詞匯及短語:

  justice n. 司法制度;公正;公正性;justification n. 正當(dāng)?shù)睦碛?br />
  refrain from 克制;抑制

  sweeping adj. 影響廣泛的

  assumption n. 假定,假設(shè);承擔(dān),就任

  possession n. 擁有;所有物,財(cái)物;in possession of 擁有……

  suspect v. 猜測,懷疑;認(rèn)為(某人)有犯罪嫌疑

  【用法】suspect sb of doing sth 懷疑某人做……

  2.句子成分分析:本句的主干結(jié)構(gòu)為California has asked the justices to refrain from a sweeping ruling...。第一個(gè)that引導(dǎo)的定語從句修飾one。在該定語從句中,還有一個(gè)that引導(dǎo)的同位語從句,解釋說明the old assumption。在該同位語從句中,主干結(jié)構(gòu)為authorities may search through the possessions of suspects...。被修飾的詞不同:同位語從句一般修飾表示概括意義的抽象名詞,如fact,news,truth, hope, promise, answer, belief, condition, doubt等。定語從句所修飾的名詞則沒有這樣的限定。從句的作用不同:同位語從句表示同位名詞的具體內(nèi)容,而定語從句是對先行詞的限制、說明。引導(dǎo)詞不同:what,how,whether等不能用來引導(dǎo)定語從句,但可用于引導(dǎo)同位從句。

  3.參考譯文:加利福尼亞州呼吁法官不要做出太籠統(tǒng)的裁定,尤其不要擾亂以前的假設(shè),即在逮捕嫌犯時(shí)當(dāng)局可以搜查其財(cái)產(chǎn)。

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